Tumour Surgery

Bone Tumour

Bone tumour can be described as mass or swelling that occurs in skeletal system cells that multiply without control. The reasons of most bone tumours are unknown. With the spreading of the growing tumour onto tissues in time, weaknesses and pathological fractures can occur in bones. If the necessary measures are not taken and treatment methods are not applied after the bone tumour occurs, it can be said that the bone tumour would cause various metabolism diseases. For this, two different bone tumours can be talked about. These are malign bone tumour and benign bone tumour. As it can be understood from the name, malign bone tumour is a bone tumour type that has much harm to bones and human health. Whereas benign bone tumour can be explained as follows.

Benign Bone Tumour

Benign bone tumour is a tumour type that is usually encountered in children and people in puberty. Benign bone tumour is almost never encountered in adults. Benign bone tumour, which can also be called basic bone tumour, usually occurs above arm bone and thigh bone. Benign bone tumour which can spread to other bones in time is one of the most common benign tumours. While early detection is very important for benign bone tumour, it is not possible to talk about clear indicators. Benign bone tumour is only observed in radiographies taken for other reasons. So, does benign bone tumour have a treatment? How is benign bone tumour treated?

Treatment of Benign Bone Tumour

If the benign bone tumour will increase fracture risk, it must be treated. For example, in basic bone cysts, the cyst is entered with the help of a needle and emptied. Tumour liquid is usually clear and of yellowish colour. Then radio-opaque material is injected in the tumour. According to the choice of the performing specialist, cortisone or demineralised bone matrix or bone marrow is injected. In this way, the benign bone tumour can be treated.

Soft tissue tumours are the cancerous tumour that are seen in the soft tissue in your body. Soft tissue connects the other structures in the body together, supports and surrounds them. Sarcomas occur in the bones and cartilage, muscles, tendons, fats, and connective soft tissue and supporting tissue surrounding organs or tissues, and on the external surface of the lungs, heart, central nervous system and veins.

Desmoid Tumour

In a male patient of 17 years of age, after the tests performed due to the complaint of numbness in right feet and swelling in the leg, a mass of 18 cm diameter was found behind right tight bone. With the performed tru-cut biopsy, diagnosis of desmoid tumour (aggressive fibromatosis) was determined. Sciatic nerve was dissected to patient and wide local resection and adjuvant radiotherapy were performed.

Schwannom - Perineural Dissection

In a female patient of 35 years of age, after the tests performed due to the complaint of painful swelling in left leg and performed tru-cut biopsy, Schwannoma in n. tibialis posterior sheath was found. The mass was extirpated with perineural dissection technique without causing neurological deficit.

They don't occur by themselves. Generally they occur taking the advantage of primary cancers formed as breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, renal cancer or in thyroid. Primary malign bone tumours are rarely encountered and they are most seen in young males. Malign bone tumours are removed with surgery and then other treatments are started. Other treatments are radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Usually, the limb malign tumour formed in needs to be cut.

Tibia Adamantinoma

In a male patient of 15 years of age, bone segment transfer and then bridging plate was applied with wide resection, circular external fixator due to tibia adamantinoma.

Radius Chondrosarcoma

In a male patient of 45 years of age, wide local resection which holds radius distal edge and ulna distal edge was applied with the diagnosis of grade II chondrosarcoma. Segment transfer with combined technique with the purpose of reconstruction and then wrist arthrodesis was applied to the patient.

Femur Lower Edge Chondrosarcoma - Modular Tumour Prosthesis

In a male patient of 44 years of age, wide local resection and reconstruction with modular tumour prosthesis was applied with the diagnosis of Grade 3 chondrosarmcoma in left femur lower edge.

Chondrosarcoma in Pelvis

In a male patient of 36 years of age, pelvis resection which includes abdomen wall and sacroilliac join and protecting acetabulum with diagnosis of grade 2 chrondrosarcoma originated in right ileum. Bone defect was bridged with titanium cage and fibula structural graft, and abdomen wall defect was reconstructed with prolene mesh.

Soft tissue tumours originating from connective tissue are malign tumours. These occur in more advanced ages than bone cancers. Malign fibroses hystiocytoma, liposarcoma, sinovial sarcoma, rabdomiyosarcoma and such tumours can be counted amongst common soft tissue tumours. But soft tissue sarcoma are encountered more in numbers. Their treatment are also different than bone cancers. Chemotherapy is not a common method for soft tissue sarcoma but only used in some tumour types. Base treatment is wide surgical resection and radiotherapy.

In a male patient of 22 years of age, pleomorphic sarcoma was reported after tru-cut biopsy on the mass in right tight bone adductor region which include femoral artery and vein, with 15 cm diameter. Following the radiotherapy before the surgery, wide local resection where femoral artery and vein were sacrificed, was performed and both artery and vein, and were reconstructed with otology saphenous vein grafts.

Malign tumours don't only harm the tissue and organ they are located in, they can also awaken in the nearby organ and tissue and harm them. Also, cancerous cells can be transferred to other regions of the body through blood or lymph veins and relocate to there. This action of cancerous cells spreading from their tissue directly or with blood-lymph veins is called "metastasis" (spreading).

In a male patient of 65 years of age, metastasis of lung adenocarcinome with pathological fracture threat in left humerus distal. Reconstruction with wide local resection and modular replacement prosthesis with the purpose of early rehabilitation was performed for the patient who has isolated metastasis.